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Korea's Domestic Cold War Çѱ¹ ±¹³»ÀÇ ³ÃÀü »óȲ´ÙÀ½Àº Á¤»óÃßÀÇ ¹ø¿ª Àü¹®.(¹ø¿ª ÀÓ¿Á)
They're the last three hunger strikers standing. Actually, they're sitting -- just outside the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea. The weather is turning cold, and they're bundled up against the wind.
±×µéÀº ´Ü½ÄÅõÀïÀ» ¹úÀÌ¸ç ¼ ÀÖ´Â ¸¶Áö¸· ¼¼ »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ¼¿ï ±¹È¸ÀÇ»ç´ç ¹Ù·Î ¹Û¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ³¯ÀÌ Ãß¿öÁö°í ÀÖ°í, °Å¼¾ ¹Ù¶÷À» ¸·À¸·Á ¿ÊÀ» ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ ²¸ÀÔ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
The three men are legislators. Two of their number have already collapsed and ended up in hospital. In November, the government attempted to ban their political party -- the United Progressive Party, the third largest in the country -- for essentially being a proxy for North Korea. The party leader, meanwhile, is on trial for treason under South Korea's National Security Law.
ÀÌµé ¼¼ ¸íÀº ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øµéÀÌ´Ù. µÎ ¸íÀº ÁøÁï ¾²·¯Á®¼ º´¿ø ½Å¼¼¸¦ Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áö³ 11¿ù Á¤ºÎ´Â À̵éÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ Á¤´çÀÎ Á¦3´ç ÅëÇÕÁøº¸´ç (ÀÌÇÏ Áøº¸´ç)À» ºÏÇÑÀ» ´ëº¯ÇÏ´Â Á¤´çÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÇØ»ê½ÃÅ°·Á ½ÃµµÇß´Ù. Á¤´ç ÁöµµÀÚ´Â ÀÌ ¿ÍÁß¿¡ Çѱ¹ ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ý¿¡ µû¸¥ ³»¶õÁË·Î ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
This is not the only political spectacle in town. At the same time, the government's National Intelligence Service (NIS) stands accused of intervening in last year's presidential election on the side of the ruling party's candidate, Park Geun Hye, the daughter of one-time South Korean dictator Park Chung Hee. She won the election with a little over 51 percent of the vote, giving the conservatives another five years of presidential power. Initially, President Park dismissed reports of the NIS sending out a couple dozen insinuating tweets about her rival candidate by suggesting that such a minor infraction could not possibly have influenced the election one way of another. But late last month it was revealed that this initial tweet estimate was a major underestimate. The NIS apparently sent out 1.2 million tweets, and the Cyber Command responsible for dealing with North Korea added another 23 million.
Á¤Ä¡°èÀÇ ±¸°æ°Å¸®°¡ À̰͸¸ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. °°Àº ½Ã°¢, ±¹Á¤¿øÀº Áö³ÇØ ´ë¼±¿¡¼ Áý±Ç´ç Èĺ¸ÀÌÀÚ Çѱ¹ÀÇ °ú°Å µ¶ÀçÀÚ, ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ µþÀÎ ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ À̱⵵·Ï ´ë¼±°³ÀÔÀ» Çß´ø ÇøÀÇ·Î ±â¼ÒµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÚÀº 51 ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¸¦ ¾à°£ ³Ñ´Â µæÇ¥À²À» ¾ò¾î ½Â¸®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á º¸¼öÆÄ°¡ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ±ÇÇÑÀ» ¿À³â ´õ Àå¾ÇÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. Ãʱ⿡ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ±¹Á¤¿øÀÌ »ó´ëÆí Èĺ¸¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼ö½Ê°³ÀÇ Æ®ÀÀ» º¸³Â´Ù´Â º¸°í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×·± °æ¹ÌÇÑ ¹üÁËÇàÀ§°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼±°Å¸¦ ÁÂÁö¿ìÁö ÇÏ°Ú³ª¸ç ÀÏÃàÇعö·È´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Ãʱ⿡ ÃßÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÌ Æ®À ¼ýÀÚ´Â ´ë´ÜÈ÷ °ú¼ÒÆò°¡µÆÀ½ÀÌ Áö³ ´Þ ¸» ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ±¹Á¤¿øÀÌ 120¸¸ °³ÀÇ Æ®ÀÀ» À¯Æ÷ÇßÀ½ÀÌ µå·¯³µ°í, ´ëºÏ¾÷¹«¸¦ ¸Ã°í ÀÖ´Â ±º »çÀ̹ö»ç·ÉºÎµµ µû·Î 2300¸¸ °³ÀÇ Æ®ÀÀ» ´õ À¯Æ÷Çß´Ù.
South Korea is a democracy, a thriving one if measured by the sheer size and energy of its civil society and the stability of its political institutions. It's not on a return trip to its dictatorial past or on a path of convergence with its dictatorial neighbor up north. The hunger strikers in front of the parliament are, alas, not themselves exemplars of democracy. Their party is not united, and the UPP is frankly an embarrassment to many if not most progressives in the country. It's also quite small. Being the third-largest political party in a country dominated by the ruling Saenuri Party and the opposition Democratic Party translates, after a post-election fission, into a mere six representatives.
Çѱ¹Àº ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡À̸ç, ½Ã¹Î »çȸÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿Í È°·Â, ±×¸®°í Á¤Ä¡ ±â°üµéÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ³õ°í Æò°¡ÇÒ ¶§, ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¹ø¼ºÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡ÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹Àº °ú°ÅÀÇ µ¶Àç·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡Áöµµ, ºÏÇÑÀÇ µ¶ÀçüÀ縦 ÇâÇØ °¡Áöµµ ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±¹È¸ ¾Õ¿¡¼ ´Ü½ÄÅõÀïÀ» ¹úÀÌ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ÁÁÀº º»º¸±â¶ó°í Çϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù. À̵éÀÇ Á¤´çÀº ÅëÇÕµÇÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò°í, Çѱ¹ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ, ȤÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ¸¹Àº Áøº¸ÁÖÀÇÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀÖ¾î ¼ÖÁ÷È÷ âÇÇÇÑ Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Á¤´çÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ÀÛ´Ù. Áý±Ç »õ´©¸®´ç°ú ¾ß´ç, ¹ÎÁÖ´ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ÅÀÇ ÀǼ®ÀÌ Ã¤¿öÁø ±¹È¸¿¡¼ ¼¼¹ø °·Î Å« ´çÀÎ ÀÌ Á¤´çÀº, ¼±°Å ÈÄ ºÐ¿µÇ¾î °Ü¿ì ¿©¼¸ °³ÀÇ ÀǼ®À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
But what is happening in South Korea today is deeply disturbing nonetheless. Last year, Amnesty International published a report on how the government is using the longstanding but dangerously obscure National Security Law to restrict freedom of speech, prosecute critics of the government, and limit the right to organize associations. "The number of new NSL cases increased by 95.6 percent -- from 46 in 2008 to 90 in 2011 -- between 2008 and 2011," the report notes. "The number of those charged under the vaguely worded clauses of the NSL rose by 96.8 percent -- from 32 in 2008 to 63 in 2011 -- in the same four year period."
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿À´Ã³¯ Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀº ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ½ÉÈ÷ Ãæ°ÝÀûÀÌ´Ù. Áö³ÇØ ±¹Á¦ »ç¸é À§¿øȸ´Â ¿À·¡µÈ, ±×·¯³ª ±× Àǹ̰¡ À§ÇèÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ºÒºÐ¸íÇÑ ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀ» Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¾î¶² ½ÄÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ°í, Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÆÇÀÚµéÀ» Çü»çó¹úÇÏ·Á Çϸç, ´Üü¸¦ ¸¸µé ±Ç¸®¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸°í¼¸¦ Ãâ°£Çß´Ù. "»õ·Ó°Ô º¸°íµÈ ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ý ÄÉÀ̽º°¡ 2008³âÀÇ 46°Ç¿¡¼ 2011³â 90°ÇÀ¸·Î 2008³â°ú 2011³â »çÀÌ¿¡ 95.6 ÆÛ¼¾Æ® Áõ°¡Çß´Ù"°í º¸°í¼´Â Àû°í ÀÖ´Ù. "±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀÇ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ¾²¿©Áø Á¶Ç×À¸·Î ÇüÀ» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼öµµ 2008³âÀÇ 32°Ç¿¡¼ 2011³â 63°ÇÀ¸·Î, °°Àº ±â°£ÀÎ 4³â µ¿¾È 96.8 ÆÛ¼¾Æ® Áõ°¡Çß´Ù"°í Çß´Ù.
These cases range from disturbing to downright ludicrous. In the latter category is the case of Park Jeong-geun, who sent around tweets and photos satirizing North Korea. He should have known that intelligence agencies are notoriously deaf to irony. He was sentenced to 10 months in prison for "praising" the object of his derision. The South Korean government has gone after the Capitalism Research Society (an academic organization that looks at alternative economic models), People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (a huge civil society organization that publicly questioned the government's official report on the 2010 sinking of the Cheonan vessel), and the Socialist Workers League (an organization that, ironically, is highly critical of North Korean-style socialism).
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÄÉÀ̽ºµé Áß¿¡´Â ºÒ¿ÂÇÑ °Í¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ÀüÇô Å͹«´Ï¾ø´Â °Í±îÁö ¹üÁÖ°¡ ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ ºÏÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç³ÀÚ »çÁøÀ» ¿©±âÀú±â¿¡ Æ®ÀÇÑ ¹ÚÁ¤±Ù »ç°ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ±¹Á¤¿øÀÌ Ç³ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¿ÏÀü ±Í¸Ó°Å¸®ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Ò¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¶·Õ°Å¸®·Î »ïÀº ´ë»óÀ» "Âù¾ç"Çß´Ù´Â Á˸ñÀ¸·Î 10°³¿ù °¨¿ÁÇüÀ» ¼±°í ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ ¿¬±¸È¸ (´ë¾È °æÁ¦ ¸ðµ¨µéÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â Çмú ´Üü)¿Í Âü¿©¿¬´ë (2010³â õ¾ÈÇÔ Ä§¸ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎ °ø½Ä ¹ßÇ¥¿¡ °ø°³ÀûÀÎ Àǹ®À» Á¦±âÇÑ °Å´ë ½Ã¹Î»çȸ Á¶Á÷), ±×¸®°í »çȸ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ¿¬¸Í (¾ÆÀÌ·¯´ÏÇÏ°Ôµµ ºÏÇÑ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÇ »çȸÁÖÀǸ¦ °í°µµ·Î ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ´Üü)µµ ÃßÀûÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.
It gets worse. As Foreign Policy In Focus (FPIF) contributor Geoffrey Fatig writes in South Korea's Free Speech Problem, "In 2011, the country's press freedom ranking was downgraded by the human rights organization Freedom House from 'Free' to 'Partly Free' as a result of 'increasing official censorship, particularly of online content, as well as the government's attempt to influence media outlets' news and information content.'"
´õ ³ª»Û °Íµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ¿Ü±³¿¬±¸ ½ÌÅ©ÅÊÅ© ±â°í°¡ Geoffrey FatigÀÌ 2011³â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¾ð·ÐÀÚÀ¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â°íÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, "À뱂 ´ÜüÀÎ ÇÁ¸®´ýÇϿ콺´Â 2011³â, Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¾ð·Ð ÀÚÀ¯ ¼øÀ§¸¦, '¾ð·ÐÀÇ ´º½º¿Í Á¤º¸ ³»¿ë¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» Çà»çÇÏ·ÁÇÑ Á¤ºÎ ´ç±¹ÀÇ ½Ãµµ¿Í ƯÈ÷ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±Û¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ø½ÄÀû °Ë¿À» Áõ°¡½ÃŲ ÀÌÀ¯'·Î 'ÀÚÀ¯¡®¿¡¼ ¡¯ºÎºÐÀû ÀÚÀ¯¡®·Î °ÝÇϽÃÄ×´Ù".
The effort to silence the United Progressive Party is the latest in this series of crackdowns. On a recent visit to South Korea, I visited the National Assembly to interview the three hunger strikers. They complained about the McCarthyite atmosphere in South Korea (a legitimate concern). They argued that Park Geun Hye was engaged in political retaliation against UPP leader Lee Song Hui for calling her the daughter of pro-Japanese dictator (which is true, but not especially relevant, especially for a president who has refused to meet her Japanese counterpart as per recent custom). They also believe that the new president wants to establish a long-term dictatorship just like her father's (it makes for a catchy slogan, but it's off-base, Park Geun Hye's authoritarian tendencies notwithstanding).
Áøº¸´çÀ» ¾ø¾Ö¹ö¸®·Á´Â ½Ãµµ°¡ °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ú¾îÁö°í Àִ ź¾Ð »ç¾ÈÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¹æ¹® ½Ã, ÇÊÀÚ´Â ´Ü½ÄÅõÀï ÁßÀÎ ¼¼ ¸íÀÇ ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øµéÀ» ¸¸³ª±â À§ÇØ ±¹È¸¸¦ ¹æ¹®Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¸ÅÄ«½ÃÁòÀû ºÐÀ§±â¸¦ ºñÆÇÇß´Ù (Ÿ´ç¼º ÀÖ´Â ¿°·ÁÀÌ´Ù). ±×µéÀº Áøº¸´ç ÀÌÁ¤Èñ ´ëÇ¥°¡ ¹Ú±ÙÇý¸¦ Ä£ÀÏ µ¶ÀçÀÚÀÇ µþÀ̶ó ºÎ¸¥ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ Á¤Ä¡Àû º¹¼ö¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù (Ä£ÀÏ µ¶ÀçÀÚÀÇ µþÀÎ °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀ̳ª ÇöÇà °ü½À°ú ´Þ¸® ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ ÀϺ» Ãø Á¤»óÀ» ¸¸³ª±â¸¦ °ÅºÎÇØ ¿À°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§, ±×´ÙÁö Áß¿äÇÑ »ç¾ÈÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù). ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ »õ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¶È°°ÀÌ Àå±â µ¶À縦 ±¸ÃàÇϱ⠿øÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù (±×°ÍÀº ´«¿¡ È® ¶ì´Â ½½·Î°ÇÀÌ µÉ ¼ö´Â ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸ Á¤È®ÇÑ ±Ù°Å°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸»Àº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ µ¶Àç ¼ºÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌÁö¸¸).
Democracy: Politics by Public Security in South Korea
¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ: Çѱ¹¿¡¼ÀÇ °ø¾ÈÁ¤Ä¡
The key question, however, remains North Korea. "The accusation of being pro-North is typical of the old way of Korean political history," Kim Sun Dong, one of the UPP hunger strikers, told me. "The party is not following North Korea. We just want a peaceful way: to cooperate with North Korea and solve the problem of the Korean peninsula division peacefully."
±×·¯³ª ÁÖµÈ Áú¹®Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ºÏÇÑÀÌ´Ù. ¡°Á¾ºÏ¸ôÀÌ´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ Á¤Ä¡¿ª»ç¡± ¶ó°í ´Ü½ÄÅõÀï ÁßÀÎ ±è¼±µ¿ Áøº¸´çÀÇ¿øÀÌ ÇÊÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°Áøº¸´çÀº ºÏÇÑÀ» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´ÜÁö ÆòÈÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ý, ºÏÇÑ°ú Çù·ÂÇϸç Çѹݵµ ºÐ´Ü¹®Á¦¸¦ ÆòÈÀûÀ¸·Î Ç®¾î³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀ» ¿øÇÑ´Ù".
On the face of it, this statement is true. The party has been careful to distance itself publicly from North Korea -- and its own past. The UPP was an attempt to join together two different political factions that long disagreed about North Korea. What remains in the party after a vote-rigging scandal that emerged after last year's election--which prompted the progressive newspaper Hankyoreh to lament that there is no future for progressive politics "under the current UPP system"--is the faction that once embraced North Korea's juche philosophy. A South Korean friend of mine, a leftist involved in North-South dialogue for the last two decades, confirmed that the UPP's protestations of independence ring hollow.
Ç¥¸é»óÀ¸·Î º¸¸é ÀÌ ¸»Àº »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. Áøº¸´çÀº °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÏÇÑ°ú, ±×¸®°í Áøº¸´ç ÀÚüÀÇ °ú°Å¿Í ¿¬°èµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í Á¶½ÉÇØ¿Ô´Ù. Áøº¸´çÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ºÏÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ó¹ÝµÈ °ßÇظ¦ °¡Á³´ø µÎ ÆĹúÀ» À¶È½ÃÅ°·Á´Â ½Ãµµ·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. Áö³ÇØ ÃѼ± ÀÌÈÄ ºÒ°ÅÁ® ³ª¿Â ¼±°ÅºÎÁ¤ ½ºÄµµé ÀÌÈÄ Áøº¸´ç¿¡ ³²°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº ÇѶ§ ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÁÖü»ç»óÀ» ¼ö¿ëÇß´ø ÆĹúÀ̸ç, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áøº¸¼ºÇâÀÇ ÇѰܷʽŹ®Àº "Çö Áøº¸´ç ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÇÏ"¿¡¼ Áøº¸ Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ ¹Ì·¡´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾ø´Ù°í ºñźÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³²ºÏ´ëÈ¿¡ Áö³ 20³â°£ °ü¿©ÇØ¿Ô´ø ÁÂÆÄÀÎ ³ªÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀΠģ±¸´Â Áøº¸´çÀÌ ½º½º·Î µ¶¸³ÀûÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀÌ °øÇãÇÏ°Ô µé¸°´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
It's hard to imagine that anybody in South Korea these days would have much sympathy for the North Korean system. Pyongyang has directed several attacks on the South, repeatedly threatened to turn Seoul into a "sea of fire," and presided over a dynastic dictatorship that engages in human rights violations of considerable magnitude (for a glimpse of the violations involving the disabled, see FPIF contributor Janet Lord's Nothing to Celebrate). What is most disturbing about the political activities of UPP members -- chronicled in this South Korean analysis -- is the negative light they cast on the sincere efforts of so many other groups to support a principled engagement with North Korea that very carefully rejects endorsement of the system.
¿äÁò ½Ã´ë ³²ÇÑÀÇ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ºÏÇÑüÁ¦¿¡ ¸¹Àº °ø°¨À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» °Å¶ó »ó»óÇϱ⠾î·Æ´Ù. Æò¾çÀº ³²ÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼öÂ÷·Ê °ø°ÝÀ» Áö½ÃÇß°í, ¼¿ïÀ» ¡°ºÒ¹Ù´Ù¡±·Î ¸¸µé°Ú´Ù´Â À§ÇùÀ» ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ¿À°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »ó´çÈ÷ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ±Ô¸ð·Î ÀαÇÀ¯¸°À» ÀúÁö¸£´Â ¼¼½ÀÀû µ¶Àç üÁ¦¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù (FPIFÀÇ ±â°íÀÚ Janet LordÀÇ ¡°¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÃàÇÏÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¡± ¿¡¼ Àå¾ÖÀÚ ÀαÇÀ¯¸°ÀÇ Çö½Ç ´Ü¸éÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù). Áøº¸´ç ´ç¿øµéÀÇ Á¤Ä¡È°µ¿ Áß °¡Àå ¿ì·ÁµÇ´Â »ç½ÇÀº - ¿©±â Çѱ¹ ¹®Á¦ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ - ¸Å¿ì ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô ºÏÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÁö´Â °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿øÄ¢À» °¡Áö°í ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â ºÏÇÑ°úÀÇ ±³·ù¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº ±×·ìµéÀÇ ÁøÁ¤¾î¸° ³ë·Â¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ºûÀ» µå¸®¿î´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.
So, the UPP is not exactly a group of Andrei Sakharovs. But the Park government has made a serious mistake in trying to ban the party. Practically speaking, this is a small party with very little political influence. It split in two shortly after the last elections. If ignored, it would probably split again and become completely irrelevant.
±×·¯´Ï, Áøº¸´çÀº Á¤È®È÷ ¸»ÇØ ¾Èµå·¹ÀÌ »çÇÏ·ÎÇÁ ±×·ìÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ú±ÙÇý Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀÌ ´çÀ» ÇØ»ê½ÃÅ°·Á°í ÇÏ´Â Áß´ëÇÑ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ¹üÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»Çؼ ÀÌ ´çÀº ÀÛ°í ±× Á¤Ä¡Àû ¿µÇâ·Âµµ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. Áö³ ÃѼ± Á÷ÈÄ µÎ ÆÄ·Î °¥¸®±â±îÁö Çß´Ù. ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í µÎ¾ú´Ù¸é, Áøº¸´çÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´Ù½Ã ºÐ¿µÇ°í, ±× Á¸Àç°¡Ä¡°¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¾ø¾îÁ³À»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
Philosophically, the ban is based on a belief that the party's formal declarations belie its secret beliefs. This kind of political intervention indeed amounts to a witch-hunt, for how can any party or politician prove beyond a doubt that their secret intentions are pure? Perhaps the UPP has truly distanced itself from its past. Democracy is about the benefit of the doubt. Moreover, even though it has proven to be an unusually fractious party -- Kim Sun Dong once threw a canister of tear gas inside the parliament during a debate on trade -- the UPP has taken the political route. Unless it can be proven otherwise on the basis of specific acts, the UPP should be treated like Sinn Fein.
öÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ»êÀ̶õ Á¤´çÀÇ °ø½Ä Á¤°ßÀÌ ºñ¹Ð·Î °¨Ãß°í ÀÖ´Â ½Å³ä°ú ¼·Î ¾î±ß³´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû °³ÀÔÀº »ç½Ç ¸¶³à »ç³É¿¡ °¡±î¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¾î¶»°Ô ¾î´À Á¤´çÀ̳ª Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼Ó¿¡ °¨Ãß¾î °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Àǵµ°¡ ¼ø¼öÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö¾øÀÌ Áõ¸íÇØ º¸ÀÏ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¾Æ¸¶µµ Áøº¸´çÀº ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ÀڽŵéÀÇ °ú°Å¿Í °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ¾úÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǶõ ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é À¯Á˶ó ´ÜÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¦µµÀÌ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, ºñ·Ï Áøº¸´çÀÌ ÀÌ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç±â ±î´Ù·Î¿î Á¤´çÀ¸·Î ÀÔÁõµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ -- ±è¼±µ¿Àº ¹«¿ªÇùÁ¤¿¡ °üÇÑ ³íÀï Áß¿¡ ±¹È¸¿¡¼ ÃÖ·çźÀ» ´øÁø ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù -- Áøº¸´çÀº Á¤Ä¡Àû ³ë¼±À» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÇൿµéÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î ÀÌ·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, Áøº¸´çÀº ½ÅÆäÀδç(¿ªÁÖ: ¾ÆÀ϶õµåÀÇ ±ÞÁøÁÖÀÇ Á¤´ç)ó·³ Ãë±ÞµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
The real danger is when the government, with the help of the NSL, widens the scope of crackdown beyond groupuscules like the UPP. Suddenly anyone who has advocated engagement with North Korea -- economic, diplomatic, humanitarian -- becomes suspect. That's why it's necessary to hold one's nose about the UPP's past and defend its existence.
½ÇÁ¦ À§ÇèÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Áøº¸´ç °°Àº ¼Ò±Ô¸ð Áý´ÜÀ» ³Ñ¾î ź¾ÐÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¸¦ È®´ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÏÇÑ°úÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû, ¿Ü±³Àû, ÀεµÀû ±³·ù¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇØ¿Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇÏ·ç ¾Æħ¿¡ ¿ëÀÇÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Áøº¸´çÀÇ °ú°Å¸¦ ¹®Á¦ »ïÁö ¸»°í, Áøº¸´çÀÇ Á¸¸³À» ¼öÈ£ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù.
For a time, during the engagement policies of Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Hyun, it seemed as though the National Security Law would gradually wither away. The suspicion of being pro-North became less and less politically effective in an environment in which Seoul was concluding deals with Pyongyang. But two successive conservative governments in South Korea have steered policy in a different direction.
±³·ù Á¤Ã¥À» ½Ç½ÃÇß´ø ±è´ëÁß ±×¸®°í ³ë¹«Çö Á¤ºÎ ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â ±¹°¡ º¸¾È¹ýÀÌ Á¡Â÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ÈûÀ» ÀҾ´Â µí º¸¿´´Ù. ³²ÇÑÀÌ ºÏÇÑ°ú ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ±³·ù¸¦ ÇÏ´Â »óȲ¿¡¼, Á¾ºÏÀ̶ó´Â ÀǽÉÀº Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¡Á¡ ´õ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³²ÇÑÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ µÎ º¸¼ö Á¤ºÎ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Á¤Ã¥À» ¹Ù²Ù¾î¹ö·È´Ù.
Park Geun-Hye has pledged a new trustpolitik approach to the North. She should take a similar stance toward her domestic critics. She has the conservative credentials to abolish or at least substantially modify the National Security Law without being accused of being a closet leftist. It's time for her to make her mark on history and truly distance herself from her father's legacy. Negotiating with North Korea would help end the Cold War on the Korean peninsula. Dismantling the NSL would help end the Cold War at home.
¹Ú±ÙÇý´Â ºÏÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Å·ÚÀÇ Á¤Ä¡¶ó´Â »õ·Î¿î Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÃëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù. ±×³à´Â ±¹³» ºñÆò°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÀÔÀåÀ» ÃëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ú±ÙÇý´Â µå·¯³»Áö ¾ÊÀº ÁÂÆĶó°í ºñ³¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀ» ÆóÁöÇϰųª Àû¾îµµ »ó´çºÎºÐ °³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀڷμÀÇ ³»·ÂÀ» °®Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ¹«¾ð°¡¸¦ ³²±â°í ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ À¯»êÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ´Ù. ºÏÇÑ°úÀÇ Çù»óÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Çѹݵµ¿¡¼ ³ÃÀüÀ» ³¡³»´Â µ¥¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀ» öÆóÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±¹³»¿¡¼ÀÇ ³ÃÀüÀ» ³¡³»µµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/koreas-domestic-cold-war_b_4397946.html