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SOUTH KOREA: We want the truth of the Sewol Ferry Tragedy
Çѱ¹: ¿ì¸®´Â ¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»çÀÇ Áø½ÇÀ» ¿øÇÑ´Ù

´ÙÀ½Àº ´ëÃ¥À§ÀÇ ¿µ¹® È£¼Ò¹®À» ´º½ºÇÁ·Î°¡ ¹ø¿ªÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹ø¿ª °¨¼ö: ÀÓ¿Á
±â»ç ¹Ù·Î°¡±â ¢Ñ http://www.humanrights.asia/news/forwarded-news/AHRC-FST-063-2014
 

The Sewol Ferry bound to Jeju Island from Inchon capsized on 16 April 2014 carrying 476 passengers, the majority of them students from Danwon High School.
2014³â 4¿ù 16ÀÏ ÀÎõ¿¡¼­ Á¦ÁÖµµ·Î ÇâÇÏ´ø ¼¼¿ùÈ£´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ´Ü¿ø°íµîÇб³ ÇлýµéÀ̾ú´ø 476¸íÀÇ ½Â°´À» Å¿î ä·Î Àüº¹µÆ´Ù.

It is still unclear why the ship capsized but when it happened, overloaded cargos fell down to the sea and the ferry lost its center of gravity. The ferry was carrying 2,142 tons of cargo with 762 tons of ballast water. According to the relevant regulation, it supposed carry 1,077 tons of cargo when it has 1565.8 tons of ballast water. It was later found that the ferry was renovated to carry more cargos for financial benefits.
¹è°¡ Àüº¹µÈ ¿øÀÎÀº ¾ËÁö ¸øÇϳª »ç°í°¡ ³µÀ» ´ç½Ã °úÀûµÈ È­¹°ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù·Î ¶³¾îÁ³°í ¿©°´¼±Àº ¹«°ÔÁß½ÉÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. ¿©°´¼±Àº 2,142ÅæÀÇ È­¹°°ú 762ÅæÀÇ ÆòÇà¼ö¸¦ ½Æ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °ü°è±ÔÁ¤¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¼¼¿ùÈ£´Â 1,565ÅæÀÇ ÆòÇà¼ö¸¦ ÀûÀçÇßÀ» ¶§ 1,077ÅæÀÇ È­¹°À» ³ª¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µÇ¾îÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀçÁ¤Àû ÀÌÀ±À» À§ÇØ ´õ ¸¹Àº È­¹°À» ½ÇÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÌ ¹è°¡ °³Á¶µÇ¾úÀ½ÀÌ ÈÄ¿¡ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù.

During the rescue operation, there was an overall lack of coordination between the Coast Guard, the Navy, and other support groups on the ground.
±¸Á¶ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â µ¿¾È ÇؾȰæºñ´ë, Çرº, ±×¸®°í ÇöÀåÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ø´Üü »çÀÌ¿¡ Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇùÁ¶°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

As of 11 June 2014, the disaster caused the death of 304 people including 10 missing people. The rescue operation is ongoing. Two divers and five rescuers lost their lives during the rescue operation.
2014³â 6¿ù 11ÀÏ ÇöÀç·Î ÀÌ Âü»ç·Î 10¸íÀÇ ½ÇÁ¾ÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ 304¸íÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. ±¸Á¶ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÁøÇàÁß¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¸íÀÇ Àá¼öºÎ¿Í 5¸íÀÇ ±¸Á¶´ë¿øÀÌ ±¸Á¶ÀÛ¾÷ Áß ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù.

The captain left the ferry before the passengers while ordering them to ¡®stay inside the ferry¡¯. Also, he did not report the accident immediately. Instead of reporting the incident to the coast guard, he reported it to the National Intelligence Service. Why did he make such orders to the passengers? Why did he not report the accident immediately?
¼±ÀåÀº ½Â°´µé¿¡°Ô ¡®¹è ¾È¿¡ °¡¸¸È÷ ÀÖÀ¸¶ó¡¯´Â Áö½Ã¸¦ ³»¸®°í´Â ½Â°´º¸´Ù ¾Õ¼­ ¹è¿¡¼­ Å»ÃâÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×´Â »ç°ÇÀ» Áï½Ã º¸°íÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â Çؾç°æºñ´ë¿¡ ½Å°íÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å ±¹°¡Á¤º¸¿ø¿¡ º¸°íÇß´Ù. ¿Ö ±×´Â ±×·± Áö½Ã¸¦ ½Â°´¿¡°Ô ³»·ÈÀ»±î? ¿Ö ±×´Â »ç°ÇÀ» Áï½Ã ½Å°íÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»±î?

Coast Guard rescued the captain of the ship and its staffs earlier than any other passengers. Also, they did not order people to leave the ferry and did not enter the ferry to rescue people even though they knew that passengers were still inside. Why did the Coast Guard not act urgently to save the people sinking?
Çؾç°æºñ´ë´Â ´Ù¸¥ ½Â°´º¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ¼±Àå°ú ¼±¿øµéÀ» ±¸Á¶Çß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹è¿¡¼­ Å»ÃâÇ϶ó´Â Áö½Ã¸¦ ³»¸®Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ½Â°´µéÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁÙ ¾Ë¸é¼­µµ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸ÇÏ·¯ ¹è ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿Ö ÇؾȰæºñ´ë´Â ħ¸ôÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±ä±ÞÇÏ°Ô ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»±î?

The police did not immediately arrest the captain and even after the arrest, the police took the captain, a suspect, to his own house instead of detaining him at the police station. This created a huge controversy in regards to the independence of the investigation.
°æÂûÀº Áï½Ã ¼±ÀåÀ» üÆ÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í üÆ÷ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ÇÇÀÇÀÚÀÎ ¼±ÀåÀ» °æÂû¼­¿¡ ±¸·ù½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÚ±âÁýÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á°¬´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¼ö»çÀÇ µ¶¸³¼º°ú °ü·ÃÇØ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ³í¶õÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù.

During the rescue operation, there have been inconsistencies in reporting the actual situation on the ground and major discrepancies between the Coast guard rescue effort report versus the Government briefing report. At the beginning, the Government announced that most passengers were rescued and then it changed its position after few hours.
±¸Á¶ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁö´Â µ¿¾È, ÇöÀåÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦»óȲÀ» º¸µµÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ ºÒÀÏÄ¡°¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í, Çؾç°æºñ´ë ±¸Á¶³ë·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸µµ¿Í Á¤ºÎÀÇ º¸°í »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ½ÉÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. óÀ½ Á¤ºÎ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Â°´µéÀÌ ±¸Á¶µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥ÇßÀ¸³ª, ¸î ½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ ±× ÀÔÀåÀ» ¹Ù²å´Ù.

It is not verified where President Park Geun-hye was for 7 hours during the so-called ¡®golden hour¡¯. The ¡°golden hour¡± is a medical term referring to the time in which rescue personnel need to start treating a patient to give them the best chance of survival.
À̸¥¹Ù ¡®È²±Ý½Ã°£¡¯ÀÎ 7½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¡®È²±Ý½Ã°£¡¯À̶õ ÀÇÇпë¾î·Î¼­ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô »ýÁ¸ÇÒ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ±¸Á¶´ë¿øÀÌ È¯ÀÚÀÇ Ä¡·á¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ½Ã°£´ë¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.

At the beginning of the incident, several public broadcasting cooperations reported that all passengers were rescued, and other media just copied these false reports, which created a huge confusion and false expectation among the general public.
»ç°Ç Ãʱ⿡, ÀϺΠ¹æ¼Û»ç°¡ ¸ðµç ½Â°´ÀÌ ±¸Á¶µÆ´Ù°í º¸µµÇÏÀÚ, ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð·Ð»çµéµµ ÀÌ À߸øµÈ º¸µµ¸¦ ±×´ë·Î µû¶óÇß°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀϹݴëÁßµéÀº Å« È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁö°í À߸øµÈ ±â´ë¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Also, the Government and the Navy reported that they were providing all possible rescue personnel and equipment for the rescue operation and the media just copied their announcement without checking. Later, during the parliamentarian investigation, it was found that the Government¡¯s report on the rescue operation is quite different from the situation on the ground.
¶ÇÇÑ, Á¤ºÎ¿Í ÇرºÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ±¸Á¶ Àη°ú Àåºñ¸¦ ÅõÀÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸°íÇÏÀÚ ¾ð·ÐÀº °ËÅäÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ±×´ë·Î º¸µµÇß´Ù. ÈÄ¿¡, ±¸Á¶ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ º¸°í¿Í ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ÀÇ »óȲÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±¹È¸Ã»¹®È¸¿¡¼­ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù.

Former editor-in-chief of the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) disclosed the President Office¡¯s control of broadcasters and resigned from his position[1]. To protest against the President Office¡¯s control of the media, KBS staff members went on a strike and 5,623 media workers issued a statement expressing their regret on how they reported on the Sewol Ferry Tragedy and apologized that they did not resist against the authorities when they tried to manipulate the media.
Àü KBS ÆíÁý±¹ÀåÀÌ ¹æ¼ÛÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã»¿Í´ëÀÇ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ Æø·ÎÇÏ°í »çÀÓÇß´Ù[1]. û¿Í´ëÀÇ ¾ð·ÐÅëÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ç×ÀÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ, KBS Á÷¿øµéÀÌ Æľ÷¿¡ µ¹ÀÔÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¾ð·ÐÁ¾»çÀÚ 5,623 ¸íÀÌ ¼¼¿ùÈ£Âü»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ º¸µµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ À¯°¨À» Ç¥¸íÇÏ´Â ¼º¸í¼­¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ°í Á¤ºÎ´ç±¹ÀÌ ¾ð·ÐÀ» Á¶Á¾ÇÏ·Á ÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡, Á¤ºÎ´ç±¹¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Á¡À» »ç°úÇß´Ù.

19 of the 33 crew staffs on the Sewol Ferry were irregular workers – including the captain. The wage of the captain was only 60~70% of other captains. Irregular workers with temporary employment contracts and no job security causes poor working conditions and the oversight of safety awareness.
¼¼¿ùÈ£ÀÇ ½Â¹«¿øµé 33¸í Áß ¼±ÀåÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ 19¸íÀÌ ºñÁ¤±ÔÁ÷À̾ú´Ù. ¼±ÀåÀÇ ¿ù±ÞÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÀåµéÀÇ ¿ù±ÞÀÇ 60-70%¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Àӽà °í¿ë°è¾àÀ» ¸Î°í ÀÖ°í Á÷¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸ÀåÀÌ ¾ø´Â ºñÁ¤±ÔÁ÷ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿­¾ÇÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ȯ°æ°ú ¾ÈÀüÀÇ½Ä °£°úÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.

When the Sewol tragedy happened, it was already 21 years old. It was imported from Japan when it was 18 years old. The deregulation of South Korea¡¯s shipping industry under the former President Lee Myung-bak (2008-2013) resulted in a rise of unsafe practices. Deregulation extended ferry service periods from 20 to 30 years, allowing older ships such as the Sewol to continue operating[2].
¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»ç°¡ ÀϾÀ» ¶§, ¼¼¿ùÈ£´Â ÀÌ¹Ì 21³âÀÌ µÈ ¹è¿´´Ù. ±× ¹è´Â 18³âÀ̳ª µÈ ¹è·Î¼­ ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ¼öÀԵƴÙ. À̸í¹Ú ´ëÅë·É Á¤±Ç ÇÏ(2008³â-2013³â)¿¡¼­ÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¼±¹Ú»ê¾÷ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¿ÏÇÏ´Â À§ÇèÇÑ °üÇàÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡Çß´Ù. ±ÔÁ¦¿ÏÇÏ´Â ¼¼¿ùÈ£¿Í °°Àº ³°Àº ¹èµéÀ» °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ¿îÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¿©°´¼±ÀÇ ¿îÇױⰣÀ» 20³â¿¡¼­ 30³âÀ¸·Î ¿¬Àå½ÃÄÑÁá´Ù[2].

The Sewol ferry was illegally renovated to carry extra illegal cargos in order to bring in higher profits. For one year, the Sewol Ferry had carried excess cargo on its Incheon-Jeju route 139 times, resulting in almost US$3 million in profit for the owner, Cheonghaejin Marine Company. However, the Sewol Ferry passed the Government¡¯s safety check instead of being regulated. It is mainly because that the Government let the Shipping Association who is the main stakeholder do self-imposed control of the safety check under the name of deregulation.
¼¼¿ùÈ£´Â ´õ ³ôÀº ÀÌÀ±À» ³»±â À§ÇØ ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ Ãß°¡È­¹°À» ¿î¹ÝÇϵµ·Ï ºÒ¹ý°³Á¶µÆ´Ù. ÇÑ ÇØ µ¿¾È, ¼¼¿ùÈ£´Â 139Â÷·Ê¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀÎõ Á¦ÁÖ °£ Ç׷ο¡¼­ °úÀûµÈ È­¹°À» ¿î¹ÝÇß°í °á°ú·Î °ÅÀÇ 3¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ÀÌÀ±À» ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖÀΠûÇØÁøÇØ¿î¿¡ ³²°ÜÁá´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼¼¿ùÈ£´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á¦Á¦¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾ÈÀü°Ë»ç¸¦ Åë°úÇß´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ·Î Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±ÔÁ¦¿ÏÇ϶ó´Â ¸í¸ñ ÇÏ¿¡ ÁÖ¿ä ÀÌÇØ°ü°èÀÚÀÎ ¼±¹ÚÇùȸ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ½º½º·Î ¾ÈÀü°Ë»çÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇϵµ·Ï Ç߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

No enforcement of safety regulations is not only confined to the shipping industry but can also be seen in other aspects of South Korean society.
¾ÈÀü±ÔÁ¦ÀÇ ¹Ì½ÃÇàÀº ¼±¹Ú»ê¾÷¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çѱ¹ »çȸÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐµé¿¡¼­µµ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Victims¡¯ families have continuously called to enact a special law for a transparent and independent criminal investigation and indictment. The special law should also include strong measures to prevent further tragedies like the Sewol Ferry tragedy. Within two months, Sewol victims¡¯ families collected around 4 million signature petitions in support of their demands, when the total population of South Korea is 50 million people.
Èñ»ýÀÚµéÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀº Åõ¸íÇÏ°í µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ¹üÁË Á¶»ç¿Í ±â¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ Æ¯º°¹ý Á¦Á¤À» °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ¿ä±¸ÇØ¿Ô´Ù. Ưº°¹ýÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»ç¿Í °°Àº Âü±ØÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °­·ÂÇÑ ´ëÃ¥À» Æ÷ÇÔÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. µÎ ´Þ ¸¸¿¡ ¼¼¿ùÈ£ Èñ»ýÀÚ °¡Á·µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÁöÁöÇϴ û¿ø¿¡ ÀüüÀα¸ 5,000¸¸¸íÀÎ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ 4¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ¼­¸íÀ» ¸ð¾Ò´Ù.

The Government and the ruling party are refusing to accept the demands under the pretext that we did not have precedent in the country. In South Korea, the prosecutors¡¯ office has an authority to indictment.
Á¤ºÎ¿Í Áý±Ç´çÀº ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ Àü·Ê°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â Çΰè·Î ÀÌ ¿ä±¸¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ±â¼Ò±ÇÀº °ËÂûÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Demands
¿ä±¸»çÇ×

• Enact a special law guaranteeing a transparent and independent criminal investigation and indictment.
- Åõ¸íÇÏ°í µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ Çü»ç ¼ö»ç±Ç°ú ±â¼Ò±ÇÀ» º¸ÀåÇϴ Ưº°¹ýÀ» Á¦Á¤Ç϶ó.

• Take all possible measures to avoid similar tragedies in the future. These new safety measures must be clearly communicated with the public.
- ÇâÈÄ¿¡ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ºñ±ØÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö¾Êµµ·Ï ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¶Ã븦 ÃëÇ϶ó. ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ¾ÈÀü´ëÃ¥Àº ´ëÁß¿¡°Ô ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô Àü´ÞµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

• The media to be independent of Government influence.
- ¾ð·Ð¸Åü´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³ÀûÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

• Protect whistle blowers. People should have the right to voice their doubts in regards to the causes of the tragedy and the failure of the rescue operation without the threat of being legally prosecuted.
- ³»ºÎ°í¹ßÀÚ¸¦ º¸È£Ç϶ó. ±¹¹ÎÀº Âü»çÀÇ ¿øÀΰú ±¸Á¶ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ½ÇÆп¡ °üÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀǽÉÀ» ¹ýÀûÀÎ ±â¼ÒÀÇ À§Çù¾øÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

• One-person or a group demonstration to raise awareness of the Sewol Ferry Tragedy
- ¼¼¿ùÈ£ ºñ±ØÀ» ¾Ë¸®±âÀ§ÇÑ ÀÏÀΠȤÀº ´Üü ½ÃÀ§
• Organize a Candlelight Vigil to remember and honor the Sewol Ferry victims
- ¼¼¿ùÈ£ Èñ»ýÀÚµéÀ» Ã߸ðÇÏ´Â ÃкÒÁýȸ °³ÃÖ
• Send solidarity messages to the Sewol Ferry victims
- ¼¼¿ùÈ£ ÇÇÇØÀڵ鿡°Ô ¿¬´ëÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö º¸³»±â
• Raise awareness on the truth of the Sewol Ferry Tragedy
- ¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»çÀÇ Áø½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀ» °í¾ç½ÃÅ°±â
• Send details on your participation with photos to sewolho416@gmail.com
- ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Âü¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ë°ú »çÁøÀ» sewolho416@gmail.com·Î º¸³»±â

The Hankyoreh, Former KBS newsroom chief reveals Blue House control of reporting, 17 May 2014, http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/637453.html.
 


[2] Ballimore, K. , 12 May 2014, Crony Captitalism and the South Korean ferry tragedy, Red Flaghttp://redflag.org.au/article/crony-capitalism-and-south-korean-ferry-tragedy.
 
 
 


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