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Politicians and Textbooks

By THE EDITORIAL BOARDJAN. 13, 2014



Both Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan and President Park Geun-hye of South Korea are pushing to have high school history textbooks in their countries rewritten to reflect their political views.



Mr. Abe has instructed the Education Ministry to approve only textbooks that promote patriotism. He is primarily concerned about the World War II era, and wants to shift the focus away from disgraceful chapters in that history. For example, he wants the Korean ¡°comfort women¡± issue taken out of textbooks, and he wants to downplay the mass killings committed by Japanese troops in Nanking. His critics say he is trying to foster dangerous nationalism by sanitizing Japan¡¯s wartime aggression.



Ms. Park is concerned about the portrayal of Japanese colonialism and the postcolonial South Korean dictatorships in history books. She wants to downplay Korean collaboration with the Japanese colonial authorities and last summer pushed the South Korean Education Ministry to approve a new textbook that says those who worked with the Japanese did so under coercion. (A majority of professionals and elite civil servants today come from families that worked with the Japanese colonizers.) Academics, trade unions and teachers have accused Ms. Park of distorting history.



Mr. Abe and Ms. Park both have personal family histories that make them sensitive to the war and collaboration. After Japan¡¯s defeat in the war, the Allied powers arrested Mr. Abe¡¯s grandfather, Nobusuke Kishi, as a suspected class A war criminal. Ms. Park¡¯s father, Park Chung-hee, was an Imperial Japanese Army officer during the colonial era and South Korea¡¯s military dictator from 1962 to 1979. In both countries, these dangerous efforts to revise textbooks threaten to thwart the lessons of history.



* ¼Õ¼¼ÁÖ ÃÑ¿µ»ç ¹Ý¹Ú ±â°í¹®



Japan, Korea and Textbook History



Regarding ¡°Politicians and textbooks¡± (Editorial, Jan. 14): In South Korea, the government does not intervene in any way in the process of writing or approving history textbooks. History textbooks are authored by private publishers and subsequently approved by an independent and objective textbook review committee of experts from academia. In the cases where factual errors are found, these textbooks undergo rectification by a committee of academics and other civilians, free from government influence. Such procedures also can be found in other countries around the world.



To argue that President Park Geun-hye is pushing to have high-school history textbooks rewritten to reflect certain political views is groundless. In addition, it is quite inappropriate to compare South Korea¡¯s textbook publishing procedures with Japan¡¯s historical revisionism. As you rightly point out, the Japanese government sets official guidelines that require textbooks ¡°to reflect¡± the government¡¯s views on history. Furthermore, Japan has yet to show sincere remorse for its crimes against humanity committed during colonial rule and the wars of aggression of its imperial era. Rather, Japan has been glorifying its imperial past, as evidenced by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe¡¯s recent visit to the Yasukuni Shrine. Although it is commendable that you criticize the Japanese government¡¯s anachronistic behavior, it is regrettable that you place the victims of such behavior, the Koreans, on a par with Japan.



Son Se-joo, New York

The writer is the consul general of South Korea.



* ÀϺ»°è µ¶ÀÚÀÇ ÀÇ°ß¹®



Even though I became an American citizen a dozen years ago, I am still sensitive to how my native land is projected in the global media. The fact that Japan¡¯s leaders are still trying to rewrite the country¡¯s World War II history deepens my despair for its future prospects.



I grew up in postwar Japan with the high school textbook ¡°New Japanese History,¡± authored by Professor Saburo Ienaga, who repeatedly sued the Education Ministry for trying to whitewash the description of Japanese conduct in Asia during the war. His various lawsuits ran from the 1960s to 1990s, reaching the Supreme Court and resulting in a decision in the professor¡¯s favor. I am outraged at how parochial Japan¡¯s leaders remain regarding the atrocities committed by an earlier generation.



I admire the Germans, in contrast, for their courage and maturity in admitting the mistakes of the past and bearing full responsibility for Nazi crimes. Only when a nation can correctly place its history, positive or negative, in the context of evolutionary progress can it move forward into the future of a more humane world. Nelson Mandela¡¯s life reminds us all the power of truth leading to reconciliation; Japan, on the other hand, is still stuck in the mind-set of self-righteousness and delusional imperial glory.



As the editorial makes clear, today¡¯s political leaders in Japan come straight from the families of war criminals who never had the courage of self-reflection or soul-searching after the war. The younger generation won¡¯t be able to move forward without an accurate accounting of Japan¡¯s wartime behavior.



Unless Japan convenes its own Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the country may be condemned to repeating the mistakes of the past. It could also bog down in an exchange of insults and skirmishes with its neighbors South Korea and China for generations to come. The people of Japan deserve better leaders who will live up to the pacifist promises contained in the Constitution.



Akira Odani, Ponte Vedra, Fla.



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As a university professor in Seoul, I was dismayed by the claim in this editorial that a majority of professionals and elite civil servants in South Korea today come from families that worked with the Japanese colonizers. Now I have to face my students whose families didn¡¯t work with Japanese colonizers and convince them that they can still become professionals and elite civil servants.



The editorial baffled me by making another contentious argument. Its key point was that President Park ordered the cabinet to approve a new history textbook that says those who worked with the Japanese did so under coercion. As a private citizen, I don¡¯t know whether there was an order (the Seoul government officially denied that). But I am certain that many Koreans were forced to work for Imperial Japan as laborers or sex slaves. The textbook is simply stating that well-known fact.



The editorial also put Seoul and Tokyo on an equal footing in blaming both governments for rewriting history. This bluntly neglects the fact that Korea was a victim and Japan an inflictor. It is like condemning both Jews and Nazis at the same time for the Holocaust.



Byung-Jong Lee Seoul, South Korea

(The writer is a professor in the Graduate School of International Service at Sookmyung Women¡¯s University.)



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Falsifying history is wrong. It is a fact that the Japanese took ¡°comfort women¡± from Korea. It is a fact that the Japanese Army committed the Nanking Massacre. Effacing shameful aspects of a nation¡¯s past, which Prime Minister Abe is seeking to do, is tantamount to Germany requiring its history textbooks to downplay the Holocaust. It is even worse to lie about the history of one¡¯s nation in order to portray one¡¯s own family members in a more favorable light. This highlights the need to prevent those in political power from intervening in the writing of textbooks.



Dong Bin Choi Huntingdon Valley, Pa.





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